A gyro, short for gyroscope, is an angular rate sensor. It senses rotation in a specific axis, primarily yaw.
The ADW22307 from Analog Devices has a sensitivity of up to ±250°/s and will probably be the device most used during this year's FIRST Robotics Competition.
I see teams using the gyro to maintain an angular deviation from their starting position, then correcting before traversing a bump during teleop. Just keep in mind the sensitivity of the device you are using. I know you can make a robot turn faster than 250°/s.
In the past, gyros were used extensively in autonomous mode to determine how far the machine had turned.
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